Potential Roles of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cellular Proteins Implicated in Diabesity

Figure 3

The sources of superoxide anion. This figure shows how superoxide anion is obtained from various sources that generate hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by superoxide dismutase (SOD). H₂O₂ can be catalyzed to H₂O. NO can react with superoxide anion to produce reactive nitrogen species (ONOO) that could be changed into NO₂, reacting with tyrosine residues to produce nitrotyrosine. These factors result in the reduced availability of NO and also lead to endothelial impediments.