Salvia miltiorrhiza and the Volatile of Dalbergia odorifera Attenuate Chronic Myocardial Ischemia Injury in a Pig Model: A Metabonomic Approach for the Mechanism Study
Table 1
Metabolites selected as biomarkers characterized in the plasma profile and their change trends.
Metabolites
ESI
(min)
VIP
Modela
SM-DOOb
Related pathway
Trend
Trend
Creatine
(-)
4.44
7.16
0.0001
↓
0.0148
↑
Arginine and proline metabolism
Glutamine
(+)
59.23
7.43
0.0004
↓
0.001
↑
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
L-Alanine
(+)
32.17
11.59
0.049
↑
0.046
↓
Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism
Malic acid
(-)
6.56
1.36
0.0006
↓
0.0201
↑
Citrate cycle
Citric acid
(-)
70.98
2.95
0.0004
↓
0.0392
↑
Citrate cycle
2-Oxoglutarate
(-)
21.52
9.62
0.018
↓
0.5499
↑
Citrate cycle
Glucose-6-phosphate
(-)
33.14
14.86
0.0082
↑
0.2164
↓
Glycolysis
Lactic acid
(-)
52.98
1.27
0.0002
↑
0.003
↓
Glycolysis
Glucose
(-)
51.04
5.90
0.0002
↑
0.0396
↓
Glycolysis
L-Isoleucine
(+)
4.58
5.87
0.0109
↓
0.1643
↑
Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation
Unknown
(-)
43.16
3.05
0.0001
↓
0.0001
↑
Unknown
Phenylalanine
(+)
63.30
1.19
0.002
↓
0.0157
↑
Phenylalanine metabolism
3-Hydroxybutyric acid
(-)
9.29
7.12
0.0062
↑
0.0159
↓
β-Oxidation of fatty acid
Stearic acid
(-)
4.38
1.57
0.0016
↑
0.0956
↓
β-Oxidation of fatty acid
aChange trend compared with the sham group. bChange trend compared with the model group. The levels of potential biomarkers were labeled with ↓ (downregulated) and ↑ (upregulated) (). ESI: electrospray ionization.
