Sea Cucumber-Derived Peptides Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Neuroblastoma Cells and Improve Survival in C. elegans Exposed to Neurotoxic Paraquat

Figure 2

Rescue of depleted GSH levels in stressed cells by sea cucumber-derived peptides and GSH. SH-SY5Y cells were grown in 96-well cell culture dishes until they reached ~80-90% confluency. Cells were then treated with peptides or GSH at 500 μM or 50 μM for 24 h at 37°C, then washed once with PBS before incubation with 40 μM monochlorobimane dye for 1 h in the absence of peptides and GSH at 37°C. Monochlorobimane fluorescence intensity in SH-SY5Y cells was measured using the Envision Multilabel plate reader at Ex/Em 405/486 nm wavelength 1 h after ROS induction with ABAP. “No peptide” represents cells treated with PBS and ABAP whereas “control” means no oxidative stress was induced. For each treatment, four replicates were performed (). Two-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test were applied to measure the statistical significance of each treatment relative to the no-peptide control as well as to compare differences between pairs of peptide concentrations. Statistical significance was determined by Tukey one-way ANOVA. , , and . Error bars show SD (). Experiments were repeated three times.