Geniposide Attenuates Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Figure 8

Summary of the protective effects and mechanisms of GEN in DR progression. GEN decreases HG-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, and this effect is mostly dependent on upregulating the Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway through GLP-1R. Nrf2 activation inhibits ROS accumulation and decreases NF-κB activation and the subsequent inflammatory response.