Cold Physical Plasma in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Signaling, and Immunity

Figure 4

Model of plasma-induced immunogenic cell death in cancer cells. Plasma exposure leads to an increase in DAMP signaling (e.g., ATP and calreticulin), which (1) provides inflammatory stimuli for (2) promoting the processing of cancer cells by APCs. Consequently, (3) activated APCs promote the development and activation of (4) effector T-cells, capable of precisely and systemically eradicating cancer cells distant from the site of plasma treatment.