Research Article

Cardiovascular Mortality Risk among Patients with Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Registry-Based Analysis

Table 4

Multivariate competing risk analysis for predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients with GEP-NENs.

CharacteristicsAdjusted HR95% CI

Age at diagnosis (years)<65Ref
≥654.7994.313-5.341<0.001
RaceWhiteRef
Black1.3071.160-1.472<0.001
Other0.7840.626-0.9820.034
Hispanic originHispanicRef
Non-Hispanic1.3701.137-1.651<0.001
GenderMaleRef
Female0.7900.717-0.869<0.001
Marital statusMarriedRef
Unmarried1.5621.410-1.173<0.001
Unknown1.1710.984-1.3940.076
Year of diagnosis2000-2004Ref
2005-20090.7980.717-0.888<0.0001
2010-20150.5750.502-0.659<0.0001
GradeI/IIRef
III/IV0.7010.533-0.9230.011
Unknown1.1160.985-1.2650.085
Education levelCollege level ≤25%Ref
College level >25%0.7980.706-0.902<0.001
Mean household income≤$50,000 USDRef
>$50,000 USD1.0240.895-1.1710.73
RegionWestRef
Midwest1.0110.870-1.1760.88
South0.9430.834-1.0650.34
Northeast0.8130.699-0.945<0.01
SubtypeNETRef
NEC0.9840.842-1.1500.84
SEER stageLocalizedRef
Regional0.8150.714-0.931<0.01
Distant0.4560.382-0.544<0.001
Unstage0.9900.840-1.1670.9
Primary siteStomachRef
Small intestine1.0550.911-1.2220.48
Appendix0.6980.531-0.9180.01
Colon0.8440.698-1.0200.079
Rectum0.5500.468-0.646<0.001
Pancreas0.5060.401-0.638<0.001
SurgeryYesRef
No/unknown1.3461.188-1.519<0.001
ChemotherapyYesRef
No/unknown1.6101.220-2.125<0.001
RadiotherapyYesRef
No/unknown1.5140.881-2.6020.13

I: Well differentiated; II: Moderately differentiated; III: Poorly differentiated; IV: Undifferentiated; Race: Other (American Indian & AK Native & Asian & Pacific Islander); Marital status: Unmarried (Single & Separated & Divorced & Widowed & Unmarried or Domestic Partner). Abbreviation: HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; NET: neuroendocrine tumor; NEC: neuroendocrine carcinoma.