Naringin and Hesperidin Counteract Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities
Table 4
Histopathological scores of liver lesions in the normal control, diclofenac-injected group, and diclofenac-injected groups treated with naringin, hesperidin, and their combination.
Histopathological changes
Score
Normal control
Diclofenac
Diclofenac+naringin
Diclofenac+hesperidin
Diclofenac+naringin+hesperidin
Hydropic and vacuolar degeneration
0
6 (100%)
1 (16.7%)
3 (50.0%)
2 (33.3%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
2 (33.3%)
2 (33.3%)
II
—
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
—
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
Inflammation (inflammatory cell infiltration)
0
6 (100%)
—
3 (50.0%)
3 (50.0%)
5 (83.3%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
2 (33.3%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
—
III
—
3 (50.0%)
—
—
—
Necrosis
0
6 (100%)
—
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
2 (33.3%)
2 (33.3%)
3 (50.0%)
2 (33.3%)
II
—
2 (33.3%)
3 (50.0%)
1 (16.7%)
—
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
Apoptosis
0
6 (100%)
—
3 (50.0%)
3 (50.0%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
3 (50.0%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
2 (33.3%)
—
1 (16.7%)-
1 (16.7%)
III
—
3 (50.0%)
—
—
—
Kupffer cell proliferation
0
6 (100%)
—
3 (50.0%)
3 (50.0%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
II
—
3 (50.0%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
Fatty changes and steatosis
0
6 (100%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7%)
6 (100%)
I
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
—
—
II
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
—
III
—
—
—
—
—
Congested blood vessels and sinusoids
0
6 (100%)
—
3 (50.0%)
4 (66.7%)
4 (66.7%)
I
—
2 (33.3%)
—
1 (16.7%)
2 (33.3%)
II
—
3 (50.0%)
2 (33.3%)
1 (16.7%)
—
III
—
1 (16.7%)
1 (16.7%)
—
—
Hyperplasia of epithelial lining of the bile duct
0
6 (100%)
4 (66.7%)
5 (83.3%)
6 (100%)
6 (100%)
I
—
—
—
—
—
II
—
—
1 (16.7%)
—
—
III
—
2 (33.3%)
—
—
—
0: absence of lesion; I: mild; II: moderate; III: severe. Number of animals in each group is 6. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the number of animals for each grade. The % in parentheses is the percent of animals in each grade.