Research Article

Naringin and Hesperidin Counteract Diclofenac-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats via Their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antiapoptotic Activities

Table 4

Histopathological scores of liver lesions in the normal control, diclofenac-injected group, and diclofenac-injected groups treated with naringin, hesperidin, and their combination.

Histopathological changesScoreNormal controlDiclofenacDiclofenac+naringinDiclofenac+hesperidinDiclofenac+naringin+hesperidin

Hydropic and vacuolar degeneration06 (100%)1 (16.7%)3 (50.0%)2 (33.3%)4 (66.7%)
I1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)2 (33.3%)2 (33.3%)
II2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)
III2 (33.3%)
Inflammation (inflammatory cell infiltration)06 (100%)3 (50.0%)3 (50.0%)5 (83.3%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
II2 (33.3%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
III3 (50.0%)
Necrosis06 (100%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)4 (66.7%)
I2 (33.3%)2 (33.3%)3 (50.0%)2 (33.3%)
II2 (33.3%)3 (50.0%)1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)
Apoptosis06 (100%)3 (50.0%)3 (50.0%)4 (66.7%)
I1 (16.7%)3 (50.0%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
II2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)-1 (16.7%)
III3 (50.0%)
Kupffer cell proliferation06 (100%)3 (50.0%)3 (50.0%)4 (66.7%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
II3 (50.0%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)
Fatty changes and steatosis06 (100%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7%)6 (100%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
II1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)
III
Congested blood vessels and sinusoids06 (100%)3 (50.0%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7%)
I2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)
II3 (50.0%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
III1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
Hyperplasia of epithelial lining of the bile duct06 (100%)4 (66.7%)5 (83.3%)6 (100%)6 (100%)
I
II1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)

0: absence of lesion; I: mild; II: moderate; III: severe. Number of animals in each group is 6. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the number of animals for each grade. The % in parentheses is the percent of animals in each grade.