Empagliflozin Enhances Autophagy, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Antioxidant Defense and Ameliorates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Nondiabetic Rats

Figure 3

The effect of I/R injury and empagliflozin on kidney microstructure. I/R injury (b) deranged the microarchitecture of the kidney and led to tubular inflammation and cast formation and tubular necrosis (red arrows) and thickening of the Bowman capsule, retraction of glomerular tuft (black arrows), glomerular fibrosis, and interstitial inflammation and hemorrhage (green arrow), compared with the healthy control group (a). Treatment with empagliflozin (c) notably improved tissue injury.

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