Cardiac Fibroblasts Promote Ferroptosis in Atrial Fibrillation by Secreting Exo-miR-23a-3p Targeting SLC7A11

Figure 4

Chronological changes in ferroptosis-associated genes and oxidative stress levels in h9c2 cells after rapid pacing. (a–d) Chronological changes of FTH1, GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTL miRNAs after rapid pacing. (e, f) Representative gel bands depicting FTH1, GPX4, and SLC7A11 proteins expression in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h and treated with or without Fer-1. (g, h) Representative gel bands depicting FTH1, GPX4, and SLC7A11 proteins expression in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 72 h and treated with or without Fer-1. (i, k) Representative images of immunofluorescence staining for FTH1 proteins in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h with or without Fer-1. (j, l) Representative images of reactive oxygen species by fluoroscopy stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h with or without Fer-1. (m, n) Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected through flow cytometry in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h and treated with or without Fer-1. (o) Total iron level in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h and treated with or without Fer-1. (p) MDA level in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h and treated with or without Fer-1. (q, r) Representative gel bands depicting ion channel expression in h9c2 cells stimulated by rapid pacing for 48 h and treated with or without Fer-1. Data are presented as the mean ± SD,  =3. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t test (a–d) or one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Dunnett test (e–r). , , and vs. control group; , , and vs. Pacing group.

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