[Retracted] Metformin Ameliorates Senescence of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression via the AMPK-Dependent Autophagy Pathway

Figure 6

Metformin induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (a) ADSCs were treated with different concentrations of metformin for 24 h, and the protein expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR was assessed by western blotting (left) and quantitation (right). (b) Protein expression of AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, and p-mTOR was assessed by western blotting (left) and quantitation (right). Data are presented as of at least three separate experiments. Using one-way ANOVA, , , and vs. control group, ^## vs. H₂O₂ group, and ^& vs. “MET+H₂O₂” group.

(a)

(b)