Research Article

Associations of the Cardiometabolic Index with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results of a Longitudinal Cohort Study

Table 1

Characteristics among patients, stratified by CMI.

CharacteristicsTertile 1
(<0.73)
Tertile 2
(≥0.73 to <1.21)
Tertile 3
(≥1.21)
value

689689689
Age (years)<0.001
Male, (%)387 (56.17%)480 (69.67%)521 (75.62%)<0.001
History of diabetes, (%)88 (12.77%)115 (16.69%)141 (20.46%)<0.001
Smoking status, (%)<0.001
Never491 (71.26%)382 (55.44%)347 (50.36%)
Past64 (9.29%)73 (10.60%)70 (10.16%)
Current134 (19.45%)234 (33.96%)272 (39.48%)
Drinking status, (%)<0.001
Never497 (72.13%)393 (57.04%)383 (55.59%)
Past28 (4.06%)65 (9.43%)54 (7.84%)
Current164 (23.80%)231 (33.53%)252 (36.57%)
BMI (kg/m2)<0.001
SBP (mmHg)0.675
DBP (mmHg)0.002
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)0.007
TC (mmol/L)<0.001
TG (mmol/L)<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)<0.001
AHI (events/h)16.20 (9.30-29.35)18.10 (10.30-34.15)20.80 (11.20-37.02)<0.001
Medication use, (%)
ACEIs/ARBs302 (43.83%)330 (47.90%)317 (46.01%)0.317
β-Blockers126 (18.29%)123 (17.85%)137 (19.88%)0.595
CCBs396 (57.47%)403 (58.49%)443 (64.30%)0.020
Diuretics67 (9.72%)77 (11.18%)73 (10.60%)0.676
Aspirins247 (35.85%)240 (34.83%)254 (36.87%)0.242
Statins235 (34.11%)251 (36.43%)241 (34.99%)0.746
Antidiabetic drugs53 (7.69%)87 (12.63%)116 (16.84%)<0.001
OSA therapy, (%)0.305
Untreated650 (94.34%)630 (91.44%)634 (92.02%)
Regular oral appliance treatment18 (2.61%)29 (4.21%)26 (3.77%)
Regular CPAP treatment21 (3.05%)30 (4.35%)29 (4.21%)

Values of continuous variables are expressed as medians (twenty-fifth percentile–seventy-fifth percentile) or means (standard deviation). Categorical variables are expressed as (%). BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; TG: triglyceride; ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; CMI: cardiometabolic index.