Associations of the Cardiometabolic Index with the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Results of a Longitudinal Cohort Study
Table 1
Characteristics among patients, stratified by CMI.
Characteristics
Tertile 1 (<0.73)
Tertile 2 (≥0.73 to <1.21)
Tertile 3 (≥1.21)
value
689
689
689
Age (years)
<0.001
Male, (%)
387 (56.17%)
480 (69.67%)
521 (75.62%)
<0.001
History of diabetes, (%)
88 (12.77%)
115 (16.69%)
141 (20.46%)
<0.001
Smoking status, (%)
<0.001
Never
491 (71.26%)
382 (55.44%)
347 (50.36%)
Past
64 (9.29%)
73 (10.60%)
70 (10.16%)
Current
134 (19.45%)
234 (33.96%)
272 (39.48%)
Drinking status, (%)
<0.001
Never
497 (72.13%)
393 (57.04%)
383 (55.59%)
Past
28 (4.06%)
65 (9.43%)
54 (7.84%)
Current
164 (23.80%)
231 (33.53%)
252 (36.57%)
BMI (kg/m2)
<0.001
SBP (mmHg)
0.675
DBP (mmHg)
0.002
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
0.007
TC (mmol/L)
<0.001
TG (mmol/L)
<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)
<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)
<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)
<0.001
AHI (events/h)
16.20 (9.30-29.35)
18.10 (10.30-34.15)
20.80 (11.20-37.02)
<0.001
Medication use, (%)
ACEIs/ARBs
302 (43.83%)
330 (47.90%)
317 (46.01%)
0.317
β-Blockers
126 (18.29%)
123 (17.85%)
137 (19.88%)
0.595
CCBs
396 (57.47%)
403 (58.49%)
443 (64.30%)
0.020
Diuretics
67 (9.72%)
77 (11.18%)
73 (10.60%)
0.676
Aspirins
247 (35.85%)
240 (34.83%)
254 (36.87%)
0.242
Statins
235 (34.11%)
251 (36.43%)
241 (34.99%)
0.746
Antidiabetic drugs
53 (7.69%)
87 (12.63%)
116 (16.84%)
<0.001
OSA therapy, (%)
0.305
Untreated
650 (94.34%)
630 (91.44%)
634 (92.02%)
Regular oral appliance treatment
18 (2.61%)
29 (4.21%)
26 (3.77%)
Regular CPAP treatment
21 (3.05%)
30 (4.35%)
29 (4.21%)
Values of continuous variables are expressed as medians (twenty-fifth percentile–seventy-fifth percentile) or means (standard deviation). Categorical variables are expressed as (%). BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; AHI: apnea hypopnea index; TG: triglyceride; ACEIs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; CCBs: calcium channel blockers; CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; CMI: cardiometabolic index.