Redox imbalance is one of the most prominent symptoms in patients suffering from chronic diseases, often caused by an active inflammatory response or excess oxidative stress. The population of people with obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, cancer, and inflammatory disease has increased rapidly all over the world. Dietary bioactive compounds, such as phytochemicals in plants and polypeptides or polysaccharides of microbial and animal origin, have been reported to protect cells or tissues or organs from excess oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress and ameliorate related diseases via regulating cell redox signaling pathways and changing gut microbiota. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying the role of these bioactive compounds in the regulation of inflammation, oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the microbiome in chronic diseases remain largely unclear.

In this Special Issue, we invite distinguished investigators to contribute original research articles using in vitro or in vivo models, coupled with multi-omics tools or clinical studies, to address the roles of phytochemicals or other dietary bioactive compounds in the regulation of cell redox signaling and oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress according to organ/cell type, and/or further elucidate or reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying their actions, especially with the aid of multi-omics. Additionally, discussions of relevant topics including personalized nutrition, from human and animal studies to clinical practices, and ultra-processed foods, from technology development to functional enhancement, are also welcomed. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• The role of bioactive compounds in the development of oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress-related human diseases
• The underlying mechanisms of the modulation of intestinal epithelia, gut microbiota, and oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress
• The impact of dietary bioactive compounds on molecular, genetic, and biochemical biomarkers of oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress-related metabolic diseases
• Multi-omics tools application in revealing the relationship between phytochemicals and human diseases
• The regulation mechanism of bioactive compounds in diabetes, obesity and its complications
• Development of nutritional strategies to reduce the risks caused by dietary bioactive compounds
• Personalized nutrition, from human and animal studies to clinical practices
• Ultra-processed foods, from technology development to functional enhancement