Nutrition, as known, represents one of the most important aspects of health; several researchers have shown that nutrition plays a crucial role in prevention of food deficiencies, behavioural disorders, and chronic diseases. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, represent an emerging global health issue. Long duration and slow progression of NCDs could be counteracted by modulating the intake of macro- and micronutrients. The use of food components (including polyphenols, glucosinolates, PUFAs, fibers, and friendly bacteria) among patients on conventional pharmacological therapy should be carefully assessed due to possibility of food-drug interactions. Even if several food compounds may exert a prophylactic function within human body, their bioavailability and bioactivity have high interindividual variability and the mechanisms of biological action of food extracts and bioactive compounds still remain to be elucidated. Consequently, well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to clarify the precise role of food components and or/new food in human health.

This special issue intends to improve the knowledge on overall diet quality, contributing to explanation of the outcomes of certain healing properties of varied and particular phytochemicals present in typical, local traditional and new food. We cordially invite researchers to contribute their original articles and reviews to our special issue.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Characterization of phytochemical extracts from food in relation to combatting oxidative stress
• Bioavailability and bioactivity of food phytochemicals
• Human, animal, or in vitro studies evaluating the effects and dose of food phytochemicals
• Phytochemicals for prevention and treatment of infectious diseases
• Prophylactic and therapeutic roles of phytochemicals against neurodegenerative diseases
• Phytochemicals in cardiovascular diseases
• Phytochemicals in obesity and metabolic disorders
• Phytochemicals in immune disorders, cancer, and inflammatory conditions
• Phytochemicals against drugs and chemicals’ toxicities
• Phytochemicals in the treatment of infertility
• Phytochemical supplementation to improve well-being in elderly