Recently, there has been increasing interest in the role of oxygen free radicals in tumorigenesis and the dual function of antioxidants in the prevention, treatment, and therapy-related side effects of cancer. In comparison with healthy cells, cancer cells exhibit increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes. This alteration of cellular redox equilibrium with low amounts of ROS may have a variety of effects on cancer cells, influencing cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, genetic stability, and sensitivity to anticancer drugs.

The altered oxidant and antioxidant balance results from increased production of ROS. Antioxidant enzyme inactivation, and consumption, can induce oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation processes leading to cell death. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress generated by radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs is crucial to kill cancer cells. Meanwhile, the presence of high levels of antioxidants could counteract the pro-oxidant effect of radiation and anticancer drugs. Redox homeostasis might therefore be necessary for the maintenance of the malignant state.

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high-quality original research as well as review articles about the role of redox homeostasis in cancer biology and anticancer therapy. We invite researchers to disseminate their recent results in the proposed topic.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated genomic and epigenomic instability
• Molecular mechanisms of ROS in the modulation of cancer intracellular signalling pathways
• Redox status and oxidative metabolism in cancer
• Cancer biology and treatment with antioxidants
• The role of redox associated noncoding RNAs in the aetiology of cancer
• Oxidative stress-induced by conventional anticancer treatment with ionizing radiation
• Modulation of redox signalling pathways for overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer
• The role of intracellular antioxidants in radio- and chemoresistance