Intake of Grains and Dietary Fiber and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness by Race
Table 1
Characteristics of prostate cancer cases by race.
Characteristic
African Americans
European Americans
Difference testing
Mean
SD
Mean
SD
Mean age (years)
61.9
7.8
64.1
7.8
0.7426
%
%
Site
0.6391
Louisiana
452
48.6
472
47.5
North Carolina
478
51.4
521
52.5
Prostate cancer aggressivenessa
<0.0001
Low
431
46.3
556
56.0
Intermediate
313
33.7
287
28.9
High
186
20.0
150
15.1
Tumor stage
0.0845
T1
507
54.5
547
55.1
T2
389
41.8
421
42.4
T3-T4
16
1.7
14
1.4
Missing
18
1.9
11
1.1
Categorized sum of Gleason score
0.019
≥8 or 7 with (4 + 3) pattern
201
21.7
173
17.5
<7 or 7 with (3 + 4) pattern
724
78.3
817
82.5
Education level
<0.0001
Graduate school/prof.degree
64
6.9
216
21.7
Some college/college grad
270
29.1
412
41.5
High school grad/vo-tec
308
33.1
269
27.1
<8th grade/some high school
287
30.9
96
9.7
Smoking status
<0.0001
Never
184
19.8
94
9.4
Former
453
48.7
532
53.6
Current
293
31.5
367
37.0
Level of physical activityb
<0.0001
Vigorous
412
44.3
560
56.4
Moderate
265
28.5
263
26.5
No/Light
247
26.6
169
17.0
Missing
6
0.6
1
0.1
Use of nutritional supplements
<0.0001
None
310
33.3
537
54.1
1–4 days/week
52
5.6
62
6.2
5+ days/week
568
61.1
394
39.7
Use of NSAIDs
<0.0001
Yes
408
43.9
666
67.1
No
513
55.1
325
32.7
Missing
9
0.9
2
0.2
Multivitamin supplementation
<0.0001
No
605
65.1
458
46.1
Yes
325
34.9
535
53.9
Family history (first degree relative affected)
0.1561
No
688
74.0
762
76.7
Yes
242
26.0
231
23.3
Screening history (PSA or DRE)
<0.0001
No
207
22.3
113
11.3
Yes
723
77.7
880
88.7
Body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m2))
0.001
Under weight (<18.0)
9
1.0
3
0.3
Normal weight (18.0–<25.0)
180
19.6
154
15.6
Over weight (25.0–<30.0)
357
38.9
461
46.7
Obese (30.0–<40.0)
325
35.4
335
34.0
Highly obese (≥40.0)
47
5.1
33
3.4
aProstate cancer aggressiveness is defined as the severity of the cancer at diagnosis based on combinations of the Gleason score, morphologic stage, and PSA as follows: high aggressive: Gleason sum ≥ 8 OR PSA > 20 ng/mL OR Gleason sum ≥ 7 and stage T3c-T4c; low aggressive: Gleason sum < 7 and stage T1c-T2c and PSA < 10 ng/mL; intermediate aggressive: all other cases.
bPhysical activity categories defined by MET-hrs/week as follows: vigorous: >17MET-hrs/week; moderate: >6.5 to ≤17 MET-hrs/week; and no/light: 0 to ≤6.5 MET-hrs/week.
