Thioredoxin 1 in Prostate Tissue Is Associated with Gleason Score, Erythrocyte Antioxidant Enzyme Activity, and Dietary Antioxidants

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of research subjects.

Characteristic	Median	IQR
Age (years)	66	(61, 71)
PSA (ng/dL)	6.00	(4.7, 11.4)
TAC (mg VCE/d)	576.8	(312.9, 926.4)
GPx (nmol/min/mL)	815	(455.9, 1044.2)
GR (nmol/min/mL)	205.8	(151.8, 305.6)
GST (nmol/min/mL)	49.7	(32.6, 65.4)
SOD (units/mL)^1	75.5	(68.1, 80)
Gleason score		%
3 + 3	12	20.3
3 + 4	24	40.7
4 + 3	12	20.3
4 + 4	2	3.4
4 + 5	1	1.7
Family history^2	12	25.5
BMI^3
Underweight	1	1.8
Normal	10	18.2
Overweight	19	34.6
Obese	21	38.2
Morbidly obese	4	7.3
Race
African American	28	50.9
European American	27	49.1

IQR: interquartile range; BMI: body mass index; PSA: prostate specific antigen; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; VCE/d: vitamin C equivalents per day; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GR: glutathione reductase; GST: glutathione S-transferase; SOD: superoxide dismutase.
¹One unit of SOD is the amount of enzyme needed to dismutate 50% of superoxide radicals.
²Family history defined as at least one first-degree relative diagnosed with prostate cancer.
³BMI categories defined as underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), normal (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25.0 to 29.9 kg/m²), obese (30.0 to 34.9 kg/m²), and morbidly obese (>35.0 kg/m²).