Lead author, year [ref.] Samples or controls/cases Age (years) Sex Mean values of cholesterol (case : control) (mmol/L)
-value for differenceRelative risk (95% CI) Adjusted for confounding factors Case-control studies Teunisse et al., 2003 [8 ] 61/46 68/70 6.41 : 5.59 n.s. Sohmiya et al., 2004 [9 ] 29/36 59/63 4.65 : 4.20 n.s. Sciglian et al., 2006 [10 ] 533/178 60/58 Both 0.89 (0.68–1.15) Age and sex Huang et al., 2007 [11 ] 112/124 66/68 Both 5.19 : 4.96 n.s. Cohort studies Grandinetti et al., 1994 [12 ] 8006/58 53 Male High cholesterol (yes/no): 0.73 (0.43–1.24) Age Huang et al., 2008 [13 ] 3222/41 77 Male — — De Lau et al., 2006 [14 ] 3811/41 69 Female Per 1.0 mmol/L increase: Age and sex 2654/46 68 Male 0.77 (0.64–0.94) Simon et al., 2007 [15 ] 121 046/264 42 Female High cholesterol (yes/no): Age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes 50 833/266 54 Male 0.98 (0.82–1.19) Per 1.0 mmol/L increase: Age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, education, leisure time physical activity, smoking, coffee, tea, and alcohol consumption, cholesterol-lowering agent use, and history of diabetes Hu et al., 2008 [16 ] 26 153/304 44 Female 1.09 (1.02–1.16) for both 24 773/321 44 Male 1.10 (1.01–1.21) for men 1.07 (0.98–1.17) for women