Drosophila Models of Parkinson's Disease: Discovering Relevant Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Strategies

Table 1

Signaling pathways and molecular processes involved in PD pathogenesis that have been identified by using Drosophila PD models.

Pathway/process	Drosophila model	Interacting genes/toxins	References
Oxidative stress	parkin	GstS1	[62, 115]
		Paraquat	[58]
	α-synuclein	GstS1, Eip55E and Gclm	[39]
		MsrA/Eip71CD	[38]
		Sod	[40]
	DJ-1α/β	Paraquat	[53, 90, 93–95]
		Rotenone	[93]
		H2O2	[50, 94]
	LRRK2/4E-BP	Paraquat, H2O2	[104]
	PINK1	Sod	[72]
		Rotenone	[69]
		Paraquat	[69, 72]
PI3K/Akt signaling	DJ-1α/β	PTEN, Dp110	[50]
Ras/ERK signaling	DJ-1α/β	Ret, rl	[116]
JNK signaling	parkin	bsk, hep, puc	[59]
DA metabolism	Paraquat	ple, Pu, Catsup	[27]
	parkin	VMAT	[66]
Mitochondrial structure and function	PINK1	parkin	[69, 70, 74–76, 78]
TOR signaling	parkin/PINK1	4E-BP	[82]
Removal of excess or toxic protein forms	α-synuclein	Hsp70	[117]
		ubiquitin	[51]
		dHDAC6	[118]
		SIRT2	[119]
		ctsd	[120]
	parkin	PAEL-R	[64]
		Sept4	[65]