Genetic Mutations and Mitochondrial Toxins Shed New Light on the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease

Figure 2

Two mechanisms of mitochondrial toxicity and parkin function. The effect of mitochondrial toxicity is different between CCCP and MPTP. Treatment with CCCP recruits parkin to the mitochondria resulting in mitophagy to keep mitochondrial integrity. Parkin deficiency is associated with accumulation of damaged mitochondria and accelerated cell death. Treatment with MPTP does not necessarily induce parkin. Parkin may be the sensor of damage-adaptive autophagy.