Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease in 2012: Relevant Clinical Aspects

Table 4

Premotor symptoms (adapted from [136]).

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Strongest evidence:

 (i) Olfactory deficit

 (ii) Constipation

 (iii) Sleep disorders (EDS, RBD)

 (iv) Depression

Suggested links:

 (i) Other autonomic dysfunction (cardiac…)

 (ii) Anxiety

 (iii) Visual disturbances

 (iv) Cognitive changes

 (v) Restless legs syndrome

 (vi) Apathy

 (vii) Fatigue

 (viii) Personality traits

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