Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Table 4
Mean domain scores of the neuropsychiatric inventory items, apathy ratings, and self-rated depression and anxiety.
Psychiatric measure
PD
PD
Statistic ( or ); value
No cognitive
Mild cognitive
PD dementia
impairment
impairment
(PDD; )
(PD-NC; )
(PD-MCI; )
Informant-rated scales:
Mean (SD)
Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total and domain subscores
NPI total score
9.53 (13.03)
12.38 (12.55)
14.56 (10.50)
1.55; 0.22
Delusions
0.19 (0.99)
0.15 (0.88)
1.08 (1.93)
5.68; 0.004b, c
Hallucinations
0.21 (0.70)
0.40 (1.35)
1.00 (1.97)
3.17; 0.045c
Agitation/aggression
0.33 (1.25)
0.34 (1.78)
0.84 (1.67)
1.06; 0.35
Dysphoria/depression
0.92 (1.67)
1.02 (1.91)
1.52 (1.80)
0.99; 0.37
Anxiety
1.04 (1.41)
1.21 (2.07)
1.36 (2.81)
0.23; 0.79
Elation
0.25 (0.96)
0.26 (1.75)
0.12 (0.60)
0.11; 0.89
Apathy
1.01 (2.62)
3.79 (4.91)
2.8 (3.87)
6.43; 0.002a
Disinhibition
0.15 (0.87)
0.13 (0.88)
0.24 (0.72)
0.15; 0.86
Irritability/lability
0.71 (2.00)
0.70 (2.19)
1.52 (2.33)
1.44; 0.24
Aberrant motor behaviour
0.25 (1.67)
0.13 (0.88)
1.20 (2.53)
3.77; 0.03b, c
Sleep
3.29 (3.75)
3.91 (4.08)
2.16 (3.39)
1.73; 0.18
Appetite
0.27 (1.03)
0.06 (0.44)
1.28 (3.05)
5.40; 0.006b, c
Apathy Inventory (AI)
AIvi total score
3.57 (7.61)
8.67 (11.77)
NA
6.05; 0.02
AI, emotional blunting
0.91 (2.11)
2.18 (4.03)
NA
3.54; 0.06
AI, lack of initiative
1.24 (3.01)
3.24 (4.50)
NA
6.28; 0.02
AI, lack of interest
1.41 (3.07)
3.24 (4.31)
NA
5.48; 0.02
PD
PD
Statistic (; value)
No cognitive
Mild cognitive
Healthy controls
impairment
impairment
(HC; )
(PD-NC; )
(PD-MCI; )
Self-rated scales:
Mean (SD)
HADSvii-anxiety subscore
6.15 (4.61)
6.24 (4.10)
4.50 (2.74)
2.10; 0.27
HADS-depression subscore
4.92 (3.67)
7.12 (3.50)
2.78 (2.59)
12.56; <0.001a, d, e
Apathy Scale
7.94 (8.54)
17.62 (11.92)
9.87 (5.09)
10.17; <0.001a, e
viApathy Inventory (AI); viiHospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Post hoc bonferroni for two group comparison, : aPD-NC versus PD-MCI; bPD-MCI versus PDD; cPD-NC versus PDD; dPD-NC versus HC; ePD-MCI versus HC.