Clinical Study

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

Table 6

Correlations between behavioural scores and key demographic, disease, and cognitive variables.


Self-rated

Informant-rated

(participants without dementia; 𝑛 = 1 0 2 )(all participants; 𝑛 = 1 2 7 )
Apathy Scale


NPIviii-apathy NPI-psychosis
(hallucinations or delusions)

Demographic and disease variables 𝜌 ; 𝑃   value

Age 0 . 3 9 ; 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 3 1 ; 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 1 9 ; 0 . 0 4
LEDDii 0 . 0 1 ; 0 . 9 2 0 . 0 7 ; 0 . 5 2 0 . 0 7 ; 0 . 4 9
LEDD-DAiii −0.38; <0.001 0 . 3 3 ; 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 0 7 ; 0 . 4 7
Age of onset 0 . 3 0 ; 0 . 0 0 3 0 . 2 1 ; 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 5 ; 0 . 6 1
Duration of illness 0 . 0 1 ; 0 . 8 9 0 . 1 3 ; 0 . 1 5 0 . 2 5 ; 0 . 0 0 6
Hoehn-Yahr 0 . 3 3 ; 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 2 5 ; 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 2 1 ; 0 . 0 2
UPDRSi motor 0 . 3 3 ; 0 . 0 0 1 0 . 2 2 ; 0 . 0 2 0 . 0 2 ; 0 . 8 3
UPDRS complication 0 . 2 8 ; 0 . 9 3 0 . 1 2 ; 0 . 1 9 0 . 0 8 ; 0 . 3 9
MMSEiv −0.41; <0.001 0 . 2 1 ; 0 . 0 2 0 . 2 7 ; 0 . 0 0 3

Self-rated scales in the participants without dementia ( 𝑛 = 1 0 2 )
Apathy Scale
HADSvi-depressionHADS -anxiety

Cognitive measures 𝜌 ; 𝑃   value

Trails B-Trails A (reaction time in seconds) 0 . 2 3 ; 0 . 0 3 0 . 1 9 ; 0 . 0 7 0 . 1 2 ; 0 . 3 0
Serial 7’s 0 . 2 7 ; 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 0 8 ; 0 . 4 0 0 . 0 1 ; 0 . 8 8
Digit 𝑛 -back 0 . 2 9 ; 0 . 0 0 7 0 . 2 3 ; 0 . 0 3 0 . 0 8 ; 0 . 4 5
cWCSTx 0 . 2 7 ; 0 . 0 1 0 . 1 6 ; 0 . 1 2 0 . 0 8 ; 0 . 4 2
FASix total 0 . 2 3 ; 0 . 0 3 0 . 2 0 ; 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 8 ; 0 . 0 8
5-min recall of three words 0 . 2 1 ; 0 . 0 4 0 . 1 4 ; 0 . 1 8 0 . 0 0 ; 1 . 0 0
Intersecting pentagons 0 . 2 5 ; 0 . 0 2 0 . 1 2 ; 0 . 2 0 0 . 0 7 ; 0 . 3 7

iUnified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; xcomputerised version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test; iitotal daily dopaminergic load based on levodopa equivalents or “levodopa equivalent daily dose”; iiilevodopa equivalent daily dose-dopamine agonist only; ivMini-Mental State Exam; viHADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale; viiiNeuropsychiatric Inventory; ixverbal fluency FAS test.