Importance of the Brain Angiotensin System in Parkinson’s Disease

Figure 1

Description of the peptide structures and enzymes involved in the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I through shorter angiotensins. The biologically active forms include angiotensins II, III, IV, and angiotensin (3–7). The respective receptors where these angiotensins bind are indicated by arrows. The locations of action of angiotensin inhibitors are also indicated. Abbreviations: ACE = angiotensin converting enzyme; APA = aminopeptidase A; APN = aminopeptidase N; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; Carb-P = carboxy peptidase P; PO = propyl oligopeptidase.