Gait Difficulty, Postural Instability, and Muscle Weakness Are Associated with Fear of Falling in People with Parkinson's Disease

Table 2

Multiple regression analysis for predicting the ABC score.

Independent variable	𝑅^2	𝑅^2 change	𝐵 (S.E.)	𝛽	𝑃 value
Model 1	0.272	0.272
Age			−0.827 (0.307)	−0.359	0.010*
Years since diagnosis			−0.111 (0.553)	−0.028	0.841
Fall history			−5.982 (4.991)	−0.159	0.237
HY stage			−7.243 (5.606)	−0.190	0.203
Model 2	0.406	0.134
Age			−0.636 (0.287)	−0.276	0.032*
Years since diagnosis			0.029 (0.507)	0.007	0.954
Fall history			−4.682 (4.576)	−0.124	0.312
HY stage			0.645 (5.676)	0.017	0.910
UPDRS-PG			−4.630 (1.439)	−0.458	0.002**
Model 3	0.479	0.073
Age			−0.554 (0.274)	−0.240	0.049*
Years since diagnosis			−0.113 (0.484)	-0.028	0.816
Fall history			−2.386 (4.427)	−0.063	0.593
HY stage			2.828 (5.443)	0.074	0.606
UPDRS-PG			−5.371 (1.394)	−0.531	<0.001***
Knee muscle strength			0.040 (0.016)	0.285	0.016*

* 𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001, 𝐵: unstandardized regression coefficient, S.E.: standard error, 𝛽: standardized regression coefficient, ABC: activities-specific balance confidence, UPDRS-PG: unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (items 27–30), HY: Hoehn and Yahr.