Individual Characteristics Task and Environmental Characteristics Results Study Age Disease Cog. Walking task & Concurrent task Instruct. Walking DTC Concurrent
Bond and Morris, 2000 40 ]
) 65 (10) Webster STMS: Walk 10 m Motor: (1) carry tray; No prioritization Speed: (1) −2%; (2) −11% — Brown et al., 41 ]
) 67 (7) UPDRS: MMSE: Walk 10 m (self- Cognitive: serial-3 None Speed: −20% — Camicioli et 53 ]
) 67 (9) UPDRS: MMSE: Walk 4.6 m, turn Cognitive: verbal fluency (recite male names) Not specified Steps: −40% — Campbell et 54 ]
) 74 (7) H&Y: — Timed Up and Go (3 m; Cognitive: (1) repeat Not specified Steps: (1) +1%; (2) −13% — Galletly and Brauer, 2005 [42 ] (
) 65 (10) UPDRS: MMSE: Walk 10 m Motor: (1) button press “Concentrate Speed: (1) −7%; Motor: Hackney and 55 ]
) 65 (10) UPDRS: — Walk 5 m Cognitive: mental Not specified
*Speed: −33% — Hausdorff et al., 2003 [49 ] (
) Range: 52–82 UPDRS: 14 H&Y: 3.1 MMSE: 27 Walk 20 m (normal pace; level ground) Cognitive: serial-7 subtraction “Walk while performing subtractions” Stride time: −10% Stride time variability: −154% —
LaPointe et al., 2010 [56 ] (
) 67 H&Y: 2.4 (7) DRS-2: 136 (7) Walk 4.3 m Cognitive: (1) count by 1’s; (2) serial-3 subtraction; (3) recite alpha-numeric sequence Not specified
**Speed: (1) −2%; (2) −12%; (3) −19% — Lord et al., 2010 [43 ] (
) 71 (7)
UPDRS: 39 (15) MMSE: 27 (3) Stand from a chair, walk 5–11 m (preferred speed; examined in home & distance varied by home) Motor: (1) carry tray with 2 beakers of water “Concentrate equally on walking and task(s)” Speed: (1) −24%; — Lord et al., 2011 [57 ] (
) 69 (7)
UPDRS: MMSE: 28 (2) Walk 6 m, turn 180°, walk 6 m (examined in home) Motor: carrying a tray with 2 cups of water “Concentrate on task as a whole” Speed: −13% Stride time Variability: −8% — O’Shea et al., 2002 [44 ] (
) 68 (7) Modified Webster Scale:12 (6) STMS: Walk 10 m (preferred pace) Motor: (1) coin transfer Not specified Speed: (1) −18%; (2) −19% Motor: (1) −17.4% Plotnik et al., 2009 [48 ] (
) 72 (7) UPDRS: MMSE: 28 (1) Walk 2 min in a level, 25 m corridor (comfortable pace) Cognitive: serial-7 subtraction No prioritization Phase coordination index: −47% — Plotnik et al., 2011 [45 ] (
) 66 (7) UPDRS: 35 (10) MMSE: 29 (1) Walk ~80 m in a level, ~20 m corridor (comfortable pace) Cognitive: (1) serial-3 subtraction; Not specified Speed: (1) −17%; (2) −23% Stride length: (1) −11%; (2) −15% Stride time variability: (1) −39%; (2) −51% — Rochester et al., 2004 [46 ](
) 65 (8) H&Y: MMSE: 27 (2) Stand from a chair, walk 6.6 (1.5) m, return (preferred speed, examined in home & distance varied by home) Motor: (1) carrying tray with 2 cups of water; Cognitive: (2) autobiographical memory task;(3) Motor + Cognitive Not specified Speed: (1) −9%; (2) −21%; (3) −23% — Rochester et al., 2008 [58 ] (
) 67 (8) UPDRS: MMSE: 28 (2) Walk 6 m, turn 180°, walk 6 m (preferred pace) Motor: carrying a tray with 2 cups of water “Concentrate equally on all tasks” Speed: −13% — Spildooren et al., 2010 [59 ] Freezers (
) 69 (7) UPDRS: 38 (14) H&Y: 2.5 (0.5) MMSE: 28 (1)
Walk 5 m: (1) straight; (2) turn 180°; (3) turn 360°
Cognitive: color identification (auditory attentional task)
No prioritization Steps: (1) −25%; (2) −16%; (3) −13% — Non-freezers (
) 67 (7) UPDRS: 34 (10) H&Y: 2.4 (0.3) MMSE: 29 (1) Steps: (1) −7%; (2) +1%; (3) −2% — Yogev et al., 2005 [50 ] (
) 71 (8) UPDRS: 18 (8) H&Y: 2.3 (0.4) MMSE: 28 (2) Walk 2 min in a level, 25 m corridor (comfortable pace) Cognitive: (1) listen to a tape & answer questions; (2) above task + phoneme monitoring; No prioritization Speed: (1) −10%; (2) −13%; (3) −19%Stride time variability: (1) −1%; (2) −6%; (3) −27% Cognitive: (1) −42% Yogev et al., 2007 [47 ] (
) 72 (7) UPDRS: MMSE: 28 (1) Walk 2 min in a level, 25 m corridor(comfortable pace) Cognitive: serial-7 subtraction No prioritization Gait asymmetry: −43% —
