Comparison of the Psychological Symptoms and Disease-Specific Quality of Life between Early- and Typical-Onset Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Table 2
Univariate and multivariate comparison of the mean (standard deviation (SD)) scores of different motor, nonmotor, and quality of life (PDQ-39) scales between subgroups of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients regarding the age of disease onset.
Scale
Domain
Early-onset ()
Typical-onset ()
Univariate comparison
Multivariate comparison
Unadjusted (95% CI)
value
Adjusted (95% CI)
value
PDQ39
Mobility
26.6 (26.8)
26.9 (24.5)
−0.3 (−9.4–8.7)
0.94
−2.1 (−9.4–5.3)
0.58
Activities of daily living (ADL)
24.8 (25.0)
21.9 (20.6)
2.9 (−5.2–11.0)
0.48
1.8 (−5.3–8.9)
0.61
Emotional wellbeing
32.3 (21.6)
24.4 (22.7)
7.9 (−0.1–15.9)
6.3 (−1.3–14.0)
0.11
Stigma
25.1 (26.9)
19.8 (24.6)
5.3 (−3.7–14.4)
0.25
5.6 (−4.0–15.1)
0.25
Social support
9.6 (15.7)
6.2 (12.2)
3.3 (−1.8–8.4)
0.20
0.2 (−4.4–4.9)
0.93
Cognitive impairment
16.7 (18.1)
16.8 (17.9)
−0.1 (−6.5–6.3)
0.97
0.1 (−6.4–6.5)
0.99
Communication
18.0 (22.6)
11.9 (14.1)
6.0 (−0.1–12.2)
0.06
3.2 (−2.4–8.8)
0.26
Bodily discomfort
20.4 (20.2)
20.7 (21.6)
−0.3 (−7.9–7.3)
0.93
−1.9 (−9.0–5.2)
0.60
Total
21.9 (14.6)
19.0 (13.5)
2.9 (−2.1–7.8)
0.25
1.6 (−2.8–6.0)
0.49
HADS
Anxiety
7.5 (4.7)
6.3 (5.3)
1.2 (−0.6–3.1)
0.18
1.2 (−0.6–3.0)
0.20
Depression
6.3 (4.5)
4.5 (4.2)
1.8 (0.3–3.3)
1.4 (0–2.9)
FSS
Fatigue
4.7 (1.8)
4.4 (1.9)
2.8 (−3.4–8.9)
0.38
2.2 (−3.5–8.0)
0.48
MNA
Nutritional status
24.4 (4.3)
25.5 (2.8)
−1.1 (−2.3–0.1)
0.07
−0.9 (−2.0–0.2)
0.10
CI: confidence interval. Difference is statistically significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). (Multivariate adjustment has been performed considering sex, education level, comorbidity index, and Hoehn and Yahr stage as potential confounders).
