Changes to Intermediary Metabolites in Sporadic and LRRK2 Parkinson’s Disease Demonstrated by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Figure 2

PLS-DA scores and loadings of LV1 and LV2 separating the metabolic profiles of (a) healthy and Parkinson’s disease (all patients), (b) healthy LRRK2 carriers and Parkinson’s disease with LRRK2, and (c) healthy controls and sporadic Parkinson’s disease. Metabolite numbers: (1) -D-glucose, (2) ascorbate, (3) myo-inositol, (4) dimethyl sulphone, (5) creatinine, (6) creatine, (7) citrate, (8) pyruvate, (9) glutamine, (10) alanine, (11) lactate, (12) 3-hydroxybutyrate, (13) 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, (14) valine, (15) leucine, and (16) 2-hydroxybutyrate.

(a)

(b)

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