Potential Biomarkers of the Earliest Clinical Stages of Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Sequences of gene-specific primers and probes.

Gene	Nucleotide sequences	Size of amplicon	(°C)
ALDH1A1; NM_000689.4	Probe: 5′-ROX-CACTTACCACGCCATAGCAATTCACC-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-TAAAGCCATAACAATCTCCTCTG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-ACATCTTGAATCCACCAAAGG-3′	101	P: 62.2; F: 54.8; R: 54.4
ATP13A2; NM_022089.2	Probe: 5′-ROX-AGTCCACCCACTCTTCCTCTCCCC-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-TCTAAGGGACATGGTCAAGTTG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CAGTCTCCGGGCACTAGC-3′	99	P: 62.5; F: 56.2; R: 56.9
LRRK2; NM_198578.3	Probe: 5′-ROX-AAGCAACACTTCCCTGGATATAATGGCA-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-TGGCTGTAAAATGCTAAATCATC-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CGTTTCATAACTGTTAGTATTTTGG-3′	96	P: 63.6; F: 54.4; R: 54.2
PARK2; NM_004562.2	Probe: 5′-ROX-TTCACGACCCTCAACTTGGCTACTCCCTG-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-CTGTGTGACAAGACTCAATGATCG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CCGGTTGTACTGCTCTTCTCC-3′	142	P: 67.2; F: 57.9; R: 58.4
PARK7; NM_007262.4	Probe: 5′-ROX-TCCTACTGCTCTGTTGGCTCATGAA-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-TGATAGCCGCCATCTGTG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CTTTAGCAAGAGGGTGTGTTG-3′	90	P: 61.7; F: 54.2; R: 55.4
PDHB; NM_000925.3	Probe: 5′-ROX-ACATCAATTCATTCTCTAGCACCACCACTG-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-TGGAATTCAGAGGATGCTAAAGG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CGGAGGAAATTCAAAAGGAACC-3′	111	P: 63.1; F: 56.9; R: 56.4
PINK1; NM_032409.2	Probe: 5′-ROX-AGCCATCTTGAACACAATGAGCCAGG-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-AACATCTCGGCAGGTTCC-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CTTGGATTTTCTGTAAGTGACTG-3′	120	P: 63.6; F: 54.4; R: 54.3
PPARGC1A; NM_013261.3	Probe: 5′-ROX-AAACCAACAACTTTATCTCTTCCTCTGACCC-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-CAGTCGCAGTCACAACAC-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-TTCAATAGTCTTGTTCTCAAATGG-3′	111	P: 62.9; F: 54.9; R: 54.3
SNCA; NM_000345.3	Probe: 5′-ROX-TGTTCTCTATGTAGGCTCCAA-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-AGCAGGAAAGACAAAAGAGG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-TTGCTCTTTGGTCTTCTCAG-3′	100	P: 55.7; F: 53.5; R: 53.3
ZNF746; NM_001163474.1	Probe: 5′-ROX-ACCCCAGTCCAGGCTCGG-BHQ2-3′; Forward primer: 5′-CCTGGCCCCAAGATTCCAG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CTGCTTGATCTGCATCAAGAGGTG-3′	93	P: 60.7; F: 56.5; R: 57.7
POLR2F; NM_021974.3	Probe:5′-FAM-CTTCATCCTCCTCCACATCATCAAAGTCGTCG-BHQ1-3′; Forward primer: 5′-ATGTCAGACAACGAGGACAATTTTG-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-TCTTCGGCATTCTCCAAGTCATC-3′	89	P: 66.3; F: 59.4; R: 59.4
PSMA5; NM_001199772.1	Probe: 5′-FAM-AGCCATCAAGTCTTCACTCATCATCCTC-BHQ1-3′; Forward primer: 5′-AGAAGTTTACCACAAGTCTATGAC-3′; Reverse primer: 5′-CATTCAGCTTCTCCTCCATTAC-3′	89	P: 64.0; F: 55.3; R: 55.1

Accession numbers in GenBank database; (°C): annealing temperature; P: probe: F: forward primer; R: reverse primer. FAM and  ROX: fluorescent dyes; BHQ1 and BHQ2: fluorescent quenchers. Primers in italics are used in the reverse transcription.