Research Article

Clinical Pain and Neuropsychological Functioning in Parkinson’s Disease: Are They Related?

Table 2

Cognitive performance in PD patients and controls. SD: standard deviation; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; BADS: Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome; RBMT: Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test; , and .

ControlsParkinson’s diseaseMann-Whitney test () value
Mean (SD)RangeMean (SD)Range

MMSE28.00 (2.09)21–3026.14 (3.57)16–30−3.076 0.002
Eight-Word Test: immediate recall subtest32.23 (5.00)20–4025.86 (7.94)4–38−4.542<0.001
Eight-Word Test: delayed recall subtest5.81 (1.55)1–84.16 (2.37)0–8−3.8040.001
Eight-Word Test: delayed recognition subtest15.37 (0.86)12–1614.14 (2.30)6–16−3.3980.001
Rule Shift test (BADS)17.16 (3.05)9–1914.75 (4.17)6–19−3.3110.001
Key Search test (BADS)10.61 (4.07)3–168.55 (4.33)2–16−2.8920.004
Digit Span Forward13.28 (2.96)8–2111.84 (2.96)5–19−2.4960.013
Digit Span Backward9.00 (3.05)3–187.34 (2.69)3–14−3.0180.003
Face Recognition (RBMT)16.88 (3.14)6–2014.41 (4.50)2–20−3.1190.002
Picture Recognition (RBMT)38.58 (2.57)26–4036.55 (5.90)12–40−2.0550.040
Category Fluency39.30 (11.85)6–6730.48 (13.05)5–70−4.107<0.001
Knox Cube Test11.14 (1.70)7–1510.14 (1.91)5–14−2.8830.004
Picture Completion test (GIT)11.51 (3.36)5–189.75 (3.98)2–19−2.6350.008