Management of Psychosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Emphasizing Clinical Subtypes and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Condition

Box 2

Proposed criteria for psychosis in Parkinson’s disease. PD, Parkinson’s disease; UK, United Kingdom; references: Ravina et al., 2007, and Fenelon et al., 2008 [22, 23].

(A) Characteristic symptoms

Presence of at least one of the following symptoms (specify which of the symptoms fulfill the criteria)

 (i) Illusions

 (ii) False sense of presence

 (iii) Hallucinations

 (iv) Delusions

(B) Primary diagnosis

   UK brain bank criteria for PD

(C) Chronology of the onset of symptoms of psychosis

   The symptoms in Criterion (A) occur after the onset of PD

(D) Duration

   The symptom(s) in Criterion (A) are recurrent or continuous for 1 month

(E) Exclusion of other causes

   The symptoms in Criterion (A) are not better accounted for by another cause of Parkinsonism

such as dementia with Lewy bodies, psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective

disorder, delusional disorder, or mood disorder with psychotic features, or a general medical condition

including delirium

(F) Associated features (specify if associated)

 (i) With/without insight

 (ii) With/without dementia

 (iii) With/without treatment for PD (specify drug, surgical, other)