Impact of Combined Subthalamic Nucleus and Substantia Nigra Stimulation on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

Figure 1

Simplified model of DBS induced modulation of the limbic basal ganglia loops including brainstem projections. N. caud.: nucleus caudatus; GPe: globus pallidus externus; GPi: globus pallidus internus; STN: nucleus subthalamicus; SNr: substantia nigra pars reticulata.