Standardised Neuropsychological Assessment for the Selection of Patients Undergoing DBS for Parkinson’s Disease

Table 5

Cognitive performance before and after DBS: mean scores on each test.

Assessment	STN ()			GPi ()
	Before DBS	After DBS		Before DBS	After DBS
MMSE (30)	28.64 ± 1.41	28.64 ± 1.68	1.00^a	26.75 ± 3.14	25.75 ± 2.87	0.31^a
WAIS-VIQ	111.21 ± 12.40	107.54 ± 15.93	0.05^a	92.75 ± 13.10	92.67 ± 10.71	0.97^a
Vocabulary (66)	51.57 ± 9.61	49.96 ± 10.00	0.13^a	40.64 ± 15.02	37.27 ± 14.14	0.16^a
Similarities (33)	24.71 ± 4.51	22.75 ± 5.64	0.02^a	19.36 ± 5.43	18.36 ± 5.12	0.43^a
Arithmetic (22)	15.61 ± 2.94	14.04 ± 4.64	0.01^a	10.36 ± 2.94	9.64 ± 3.04	0.90^a
Digit span (30)	17.57 ± 4.15	16.43 ± 4.26	0.04^a	14.08 ± 3.09	14.00 ± 3.16	0.41^a
WAIS-PIQ	106.37 ± 15.17	104.04 ± 19.57	0.50^a	93.64 ± 15.11	84.45 ± 12.91	0.01^a
Picture Completion (25)	17.96 ± 4.25	17.19 ± 4.86	0.33^a	12.92 ± 3.66	11.33 ± 3.53	0.07^a
Matrix Reasoning (26)	16.35 ± 5.61	15.31 ± 5.90	0.24^a	11.10 ± 4.33	9.20 ± 4.21	0.09^a
RMT-W (50)	46.81 ± 3.50	45.12 ± 5.35	0.10^b	39.20 ± 9.45	40.30 ± 8.68	0.16^a
RMT-F (50)	41.88 ± 4.13	41.08 ± 5.68	0.54^a	33.60 ± 6.85	34.00 ± 7.92	0.80^a
D&P People delayed (12)	7.21 ± 3.68	7.50 ± 4.30	0.59^b	6.40 ± 4.65	5.60 ± 3.95	0.57^a
D&P Shapes delayed (12)	10.50 ± 3.28	10.25 ± 2.82	0.22^b	8.86 ± 3.63	7.43 ± 3.78	0.30^a
GNT (30)	23.69 ± 3.42	23.69 ± 3.28	1.00^a	17.91 ± 8.11	19.45 ± 6.65	0.34^a
VOSP Silhouettes (30)	22.81 ± 3.25	21.92 ± 3.91	0.13^a	20.82 ± 3.52	19.00 ± 5.88	0.41^a
DKEFS FAS (SS)	13.42 ± 4.89	11.54 ± 4.61	0.01^a	10.92 ± 5.18	8.00 ± 4.88	0.01^a
DKEFS Category (SS)	12.31 ± 4.21	10.00 ± 4.99	0.01^a	8.50 ± 3.00	5.00 ± 3.30	0.01^a
Stroop (112)	91.81 ± 21.36	83.77 ± 22.94	0.06^a	63.00 ± 20.44	58.50 ± 23.45	0.12^a
Hayling (SS)	5.68 ± 1.07	5.32 ± 1.52	0.28^b	4.60 ± 1.84	4.70 ± 1.83	0.89^a
Brixton (SS)	4.91 ± 1.53	5.00 ± 2.28	0.83^a	2.33 ± 1.66	2.56 ± 2.07	0.72^a
TEA EC (7)	6.67 ± 0.96	6.75 ± 0.44	0.85^b	6.50 ± 1.41	5.88 ± 1.55	0.26^b
TEA EC-Distraction (SS)	9.91 ± 2.66	8.96 ± 2.92	0.15^a	7.13 ± 3.14	5.75 ± 1.91	0.17^a
WAIS-SS (SS)	9.62 ± 2.25	8.46 ± 2.82	0.02^a	7.89 ± 3.33	6.11 ± 2.42	0.86^a
WAIS-DSC (SS)	8.20 ± 2.52	7.48 ± 2.65	0.22	4.89 ± 2.67	4.67 ± 1.87	0.86^a

Results are given as mean ± SD (^apaired t-test; ^bWilcoxon signed-rank). Significant differences are indicated in bold. MMSE: Mini-Mental Status Examination; WAIS-VIQ, PIQ: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition-Verbal IQ, Performance IQ; RMT-W, F: Warrington Recognition Memory Test for Words, Faces; D&P: Doors and People Test; GNT: Graded Naming Test; VOSP: Visual Object and Space Perception Battery; DKEFS: Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System; SS: scaled score; TEA EC, ECD: Test of Everyday Attention Elevator Counting, Elevator Counting with Distraction; WAIS-III SC, DSC: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition Symbol Search, Digit Symbol Coding.