Five-Year Clinical Outcomes of Local versus General Anesthesia Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease

Table 2

Comparison of postoperative outcomes by DBS between general anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) groups at 5 years.

	GA			LA			P value
	Levodopa off/DBS off	Levodopa off/DBS on	Improvement (%)	Levodopa off/DBS off	Levodopa off/DBS on	Improvement (%)
UPDRS	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	(%)
Part I	4.8 ± 2.2	3.1 ± 1.8	36 ± 28.9	5 ± 2	3 ± 1.9	37.6 ± 26.3	0.84
Part II	26.1 ± 8.5	12.9 ± 4.7	47.6 ± 20.2	23.7 ± 9.2	11.9 ± 5.2	45.6 ± 19.2	0.7
Part III	50.4 ± 12.2	28.6 ± 9.3	43.2 ± 14.1	48.1 ± 14.1	24.6 ± 7.8	46.8 ± 13.8	0.52
Brady	20.8 ± 3.9	14.4 ± 4.3	30.7 ± 15.9	20.7 ± 5.9	12.6 ± 3.3	36.2 ± 17.5	0.38
Tremor	7.2 ± 6.3	1.9 ± 2.8	60.7 ± 37.1	5.4 ± 4.5	1.3 ± 1.3	62 ± 40.3	0.72
Rigidity	10.2 ± 3.8	4.6 ± 3.2	55.4 ± 26.6	10.4 ± 4.3	3.6 ± 3.2	64.5 ± 24.5	0.28
Posture and gait	4.3 ± 1.4	3 ± 1.1	30 ± 18.5	4.4 ± 1.4	2.8 ± 1.1	34.5 ± 22.6	0.35
Axial	10.1 ± 3.3	6.6 ± 2.4	33.4 ± 19.2	9.9 ± 4.1	5.9 ± 2.4	34.9 ± 20.7	0.83
Part IV	5 ± 2.4	2.4 ± 1.8	28.2 ± 85.5	5.6 ± 1.4	1.8 ± 1.6	67.4 ± 27	0.07
Total	86.4 ± 21.5	47 ± 12.7	44.5 ± 13.2	82.4 ± 25.2	41.4 ± 13.1	47.7 ± 13.3	0.44
H&Y stage	3.5 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 0.4	23.3 ± 19.6	3.5 ± 1	2.6 ± 0.6	7.6 ± 14.4	0.7
ADL score	56.4 ± 21.5	85.5 ± 10.6	34.1 ± 23.1	56.4 ± 25.9	84.3 ± 15	10.7 ± 27.1	0.92

UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr; ADL: activities of daily living.