Do Upper and Lower Camptocormias Affect Gait and Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease? An Observational Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Multiple pairwise comparisons between the three groups for each outcome measure.
Spatiotemporal gait parameters
CC Upper
CC Lower
PD
Value main effect
Pace domain
Gait speed (cm/s)
96.27 (16.62)
79.05 (20.74)
108.55 (30.90)
0.011
Stride length (cm)
106.27 (15.36)
83.61 (4.74)
115.26 (21.93)
<0.001
Step length (cm)
53 (7.69)
41.67 (8.81)
57.42 (10.95)
<0.001
Width of base support (cm)
8.77 (3.04)
9.71 (3.91)
8.95 (3.07)
0.725
Stride velocity (cm/s)
97.05 (16.55)
79.81 (20.91)
109.66 (31.05)
0.011
Rhythm domain
Cadence (step/min)
109.04 (10.89)
113.10 (15)
111.94 (13.23)
0.679
Step time (sec)
0.55 (0.06)
0.54 (0.07)
0.54 (0.06)
0.723
Swing time (sec)
0.42 (0.04)
0.38 (0.04)
0.40 (0.03)
0.149
Stance time (sec)
0.69 (0.07)
0.68 (0.11)
0.68 (0.09)
0.924
Single support time (sec)
0.42 (0.04)
0.38 (0.04)
0.40 (0.03)
0.149
Double support time (sec)
0.28 (0.04)
0.30 (0.10)
0.28 (0.08)
0.966
Phases
Swing % of gait cycle (%)
37.48 (1.43)
36.26 (3.22)
37.31 (2.62)
0.673
Stance % of gait cycle (%)
62.52 (1.44)
63.73 (3.22)
62.70 (2.62)
0.687
Single support % of cycle
37.49 (1.41)
36.25 (3.23)
37.32 (2.61)
0.643
Double support % of cycle
25.07 (2.87)
27.35 (6.51)
25.36 (5.12)
0.704
Asymmetry
Step length difference (cm)
4.12 (2.65)
2.97 (2.11)
2.36 (1.51)
0.072
Stance time difference (sec)
0.01 (0.03)
0
0
0.365
Coefficient of variability
Stride length, CV
5.18 (1.96)
5.83 (2.62)
4.77 (2.11)
0.479
HH base support, CV
22.88 (12.79)
22.97 (13.33)
24.06 (11.11)
0.957
Double support time, CV
14.81 (11.08)
13.24 (7.06)
13.65 (7.92)
0.995
Stride velocity, CV
7.74 (2.89)
9.24 (4.29)
7.78 (2.95)
0.674
CC denotes patients with Parkinson’s disease and camptocormia according to consensus-based diagnostic criteria [2]; PD, patients with Parkinson’s disease (without CC); significant if <0.05; values with and in bold are considered statistically significant.
