Lower Urinary Tract and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Are Common in Early Parkinson’s Disease
Table 2
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between the low and high SCOPA-AUT score groups of patients with early PD.
Variable
Total, n = 414
High SCOPA-AUT (≥10), n = 181
Low SCOPA-AUT (<10), n = 233
value
d or OR
95% CI of d or OR
Age, years (SD)
61.6 (9.7)
63.7 (8.8)
60.0 (10.1)
<0.001
0.39
0.19 to 0.58
Male, n (%)
274 (66.2)
116 (64.1)
158 (67.8)
0.427
0.85
0.56 to 1.28
Education, years (SD)
15.6 (3.0)
15.7 (3.0)
15.5 (3.0)
0.598
0.07
−0.13 to 0.26
Hispanic/Latino, n (%)
9 (2.2)
5 (2.8)
4 (1.7)
0.473
1.63
0.43 to 6.15
White race, n (%)
383 (92.5)
164 (90.6)
219 (94.0)
0.198
0.62
0.30 to 1.29
Family history, n (%)
103 (24.9)
44 (24.4)
59 (25.3)
0.838
0.95
0.61 to 1.50
Age at symptom onset, years (SD)
59.7 (10.0)
61.5 (9.0)
58.1 (10.5)
0.001
0.35
0.15 to 0.54
Age at diagnosis, years (SD)
61.1 (9.7)
63.1 (8.8)
59.5 (10.1)
<0.001
0.38
0.18 to 0.57
Disease duration, months (SD)
6.7 (6.6)
7.2 (6.8)
6.3 (6.4)
0.186
0.14
−0.06 to 0.33
Right side at onset, n (%)
227 (54.8)
106 (58.6)
121 (51.9)
0.179
1.31
0.88 to 1.94
MDS-UPDRS part I, mean (SD)
5.6 (4.1)
7.7 (4.4)
4.0 (2.9)
<0.001
0.99
0.81 to 1.22
MDS-UPDRS part II, mean (SD)
5.9 (4.2)
7.7 (4.5)
4.5 (3.3)
<0.001
0.81
0.62 to 1.03
MDS-UPDRS part III “off meds,” mean (SD)
20.9 (8.9)
22.4 (8.7)
19.8 (8.8)
0.003
0.30
0.10 to 0.49
MDS-UPDRS total, mean (SD)
32.4 (13.1)
37.8 (13.4)
28.2 (11.3)
<0.001
0.77
0.58 to 0.98
Rigidity, mean (SD)
3.8 (2.6)
4.0 (2.7)
3.6 (2.6)
0.120
0.15
−0.04 to 0.35
Tremor score, mean (SD)
4.4 (3.2)
4.5 (3.2)
4.2 (3.1)
0.363
0.10
−0.10 to 0.29
TD subtype, n (%)
294 (71.2)
128 (70.7)
166 (71.6)
0.853
0.96
0.63 to 1.47
HY scale, mean (SD)
1.6 (0.5)
1.6 (0.5)
1.5 (0.5)
0.132
0.20
0.01 to 0.39
S&E scale, mean (SD)
93.1 (5.9)
92.5 (5.9)
93.7 (5.8)
0.037
0.21
−0.40 to −0.01
MoCA <26, n (%)
91 (22.1)
42 (23.2)
49 (21.3)
0.645
1.12
0.70 to 1.78
UPSIT <19, n (%)
144 (34.8)
74 (40.9)
70 (30.0)
0.022
1.61
1.07 to 2.42
GDS ≥5, n (%)
58 (14.0)
37 (20.4)
21 (9.0)
0.001
2.58
1.45 to 4.59
STAI ≥41, n (%)
93 (22.5)
48 (26.5)
45 (19.4)
0.087
1.50
0.94 to 2.40
RBDSQ ≥6, n (%)
105 (25.4)
68 (37.6)
37 (15.9)
<0.001
3.17
2.00 to 5.03
ESS ≥10, n (%)
65 (15.7)
41 (22.7)
24 (10.3)
0.001
2.54
1.47 to 4.39
QUIP-RS any, n (%)
86 (20.8)
52 (28.7)
34 (14.7)
<0.001
2.35
1.44 to 3.82
MDS-UPDRS item 1.5 apathy score ≥2, n (%)
11 (2.7)
9 (5.0)
2 (0.9)
0.013
6.02
1.28 to 28.21
MDS-UPDRS item 1.13 fatigue score ≥2, n (%)
46 (11.1)
35 (19.3)
11 (4.7)
<0.001
4.82
2.37 to 9.79
SCOPA-AUT: Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson’s Disease-Autonomic dysfunction; PD: Parkinson’s disease; OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; SD: standard deviation; MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; TD: tremor-dominant; HY: Hoehn and Yahr; S&E: Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living scale; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; UPSIT: University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test; GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory—State; RBDSQ: REM Sleep Behavior Screening Questionnaire; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; QUIP-RS: Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease—Rating Scale.
