Feasibility Aspects of Exploring Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Descriptions of intervention and control group.
Detail
HiBalance, intervention group
HiCommunication, control group
Setting
Exercise hall
Room for group treatment
Personnel
Two physical therapists
One speech and language pathologist
Position performed
Standing and walking
Sitting
Core areas
(i) Sensory integration
(i) Voice intensity
(ii) Anticipatory postural adjustments
(ii) Articulatory precision
(iii) Motor agility
(iii) Word retrieval
(iv) Stability limits
(iv) Memory
Block A, weeks 1-2
Learning exercises, focus on quality. Single-task performance of exercises pertaining to each core area
Learning exercises, improving speech technique by practicing breathing, phonation, articulation, and increased vocal loudness while maintaining good voice quality
Block B, weeks 3–6
Increased difficulty of exercises by adding cognitive and motor dual tasks
Increased difficulty of exercises by, for example, using memory games and association tasks to increase cognitive load during speech exercises
Block C, weeks 7–10
Complexity increased by combining exercises from all four focus areas and by switching between cognitive and motor dual tasks
Complexity increased by increasing difficulty of memory games, incorporating more interaction between participants, and by adding background noise
Home exercise program, performed once a week
Aerobic capacity (e.g., walking or exercise bike) Leg and core strength exercises
Relaxation and breathing exercises Voice and speech exercises Word and memory exercises