Parkinson’s Disease / 2020 / Article / Tab 2 / Research Article
Motor/Nonmotor Symptoms and Progression in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease: Prevalence and Risks in a Longitudinal Study Table 2 Kaplan–Meier survival of events in the patients with Parkinson’s disease. The factors selected were as follows: age at onset (early onset <60 years or late onset ≥60 years), sex, order of drugs (levodopa first or extra levodopa first (other antiparkinsonian drugs)), and presence or absence of other events before the event (pain, wearing-off, orthostatic hypotension, and psychosis). The categories shown in the table affected the incidence rate of factors.
Events Prevalence of events, mean duration from disease onset years (SD) Disease duration and Kaplan–Meier proportional curve (%) Factor 2nd year 4th year 6th year 8th year 10th year 12th year 14th year 16th year 18th year 20th year 25th year Log-rank test n 1222 1192 1119 1015 840 660 480 355 253 183 76 Pain 31.0% 7.3 (5.5) years Total 2.4 6.0 10.7 16.1 22.4 28.4 32.1 35.2 40.4 42.5 53.5 Male 2.8 4.8 9.0 13.3 18.1 24.8 28.8 31.8 36.9 41.2 — 0.005 Female 2.8 7.1 12.1 18.6 26.1 31.4 34.7 38.4 43.3 46.5 58.3 <60.0 years old 1.2 4.0 8.3 13.3 19.1 24.9 27.2 29.7 34.3 39.6 49.7 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 3.8 7.9 13.3 19.3 26.0 34.0 40.0 46.4 53.7 60.3 — Wearing-off 72.0% 7.7 (4.5) years Total 2.6 13.1 27.4 47.2 59.8 70.2 78.1 83.6 85.7 88.6 94.3 Male 2.5 12.8 24.5 43.4 52.5 63.9 72.9 81.4 83.1 85.7 91.4 <0.0001 Female 3.1 13.4 29.8 50.4 65.7 75.2 82.2 85.7 88.4 91.5 96.8 Tremor onset 1.8 10.6 23.7 40.8 51.6 62.9 72.2 77.6 80.8 85.5 93.6 <0.0001 Other onset 3.1 15.0 30.0 52.4 66.6 76.4 82.4 88.5 89.7 90.8 95.6 Camptocormia 22.7% 8.8 (5.7) years Total 2.5 5.1 9.1 11.9 16.8 17.5 21.1 24.3 26.7 29.3 33.8 Male 2.7 3.4 6.5 9.7 13.1 13.1 18.1 22.1 23.7 24.7 26.5 0.033 Female 3.1 6.4 9.7 13.8 16.8 19.8 23.5 26.8 29.8 32.8 36.7 <60.0 years old 2.9 4.0 6.3 9.2 11.6 14.9 19.0 22.3 25.0 27.8 31.1 0.048 ≥60.0 years old 11.9 16.1 10.2 14.5 18.2 20.3 23.3 26.7 26.7 — — Psychosis 42.5% 9.6 (6.0) years Total 2.0 3.7 7.4 12.6 10.8 29.7 42.3 49.7 56.6 61.6 74.8 <60.0 years old 1.9 2.7 4.7 8.2 12.3 17.3 29.0 36.6 43.8 50.1 66.7 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 2.2 4.7 10.3 16.6 30.9 46.1 62.2 72.6 80.4 100.0 — Orthostatic hypotension 12.1% 10.0 (3.8) years Total 0.6 1.6 2.9 5.2 6.4 9.5 12.8 14.2 18.1 21.6 29.2 Male 0.4 1.5 3.3 6.1 8.1 11.8 16.6 18.1 20.8 27.6 33.8 0.006 Female 0.8 1.5 2.5 4.4 5.0 7.7 9.6 10.4 15.1 17.6 23.2 <60.0 years old 0.0 0.5 1.2 2.8 4.0 6.1 8.0 9.8 13.2 16.6 23.9 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 1.0 2.7 4.5 7.5 9.3 13.7 20.7 20.7 26.5 31.4 — Extra levodopa first 0.3 1.2 2.1 3.8 4.5 7.5 11.5 12.6 15.0 18.4 24.9 0.030 Levodopa first 0.9 2.0 4.1 7.2 9.3 12.6 14.4 16.1 22.1 25.3 32.5 Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 78.1% 9.7 (6.9) years Total 4.9 13.4 23.9 35.0 46.9 58.4 68.4 75.7 81.8 87.5 93.4 Male 3.8 12.1 21.8 32.4 43.9 55.0 66.2 72.9 78.7 85.5 92.4 0.016 Female 5.7 14.4 25.6 37.2 49.3 61.3 70.2 78.0 86.2 89.0 94.2 <60.0 years old 1.5 5.1 10.4 16.5 24.9 36.3 48.8 58.8 68.4 77.7 88.3 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 8.2 21.6 37.4 53.7 69.6 82.0 90.0 95.3 100.0 Wearing-off (−) 9.9 26.5 42.9 56.0 68.4 77.1 82.3 86.6 90.0 94.6 96.6 <0.0001 Wearing-off (+) 0.3 2.2 7.8 17.5 29.3 43.4 57.1 67.0 75.1 82.1 90.8 Psychosis (−) 5.7 15.6 27.6 38.8 50.2 61.1 71.0 77.7 82.2 86.7 93.2 <0.0001 Psychosis (+) 0.5 2.5 5.9 16.3 30.5 45.4 56.4 66.6 78.1 88.5 93.9 Extra levodopa first 3.5 9.9 19.4 30.5 42.5 55.8 65.9 72.3 79.0 86.1 92.3 <0.0001 Levodopa first 7.1 19.1 31.2 42.3 54.0 62.8 72.5 81.0 87.7 89.8 95.0 Hoehn and Yahr stage 4 48.6% 11.7 (7.6) years Total 2.5 5.1 9.7 16.8 24.6 34.5 42.4 51.4 59.2 65.1 79.5 <60.0 years old 1.2 2.5 2.8 6.1 8.5 15.2 21.2 30.4 39.7 48.4 68.7 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 2.9 7.8 16.4 28.0 42.6 58.0 70.8 82.1 90.2 90.2 100.0 Wearing-off (−) 6.8 12.6 21.8 31.4 41.6 52.8 58.3 63.0 70.8 74.6 84.9 <0.0001 Wearing-off (+) 0.0 0.7 2.9 8.6 15.4 25.0 34.2 44.9 52.9 60.2 76.6 Extra levodopa first 1.6 3.3 5.8 13.2 21.0 31.0 38.8 47.1 55.2 62.4 78.0 0.001 Levodopa first 4.1 8.0 16.0 22.8 30.5 40.3 48.3 58.2 65.3 69.6 81.9 Pneumonia 9.0% 13.7 (7.4) years Total 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.9 3.3 5.2 7.6 11.9 13.3 16.4 24.8 Male 0.2 0.4 1.3 2.5 5.1 6.4 11.1 16.0 19.3 19.7 26.2 0.003 Female 0.0 0.1 0.6 1.1 1.7 2.8 4.3 8.1 10.3 12.8 20.0 <60.0 years old 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.7 4.1 6.3 7.3 14.2 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 0.2 0.5 1.5 3.3 6.2 8.6 15.2 30.4 39.6 49.6 74.8 Wearing-off (−) 0.2 0.5 2.8 5.1 8.5 10.3 13.7 18.3 24.9 24.9 34.0 <0.0001 Wearing off (+) 0.0 0.1 0.7 1.3 2.5 3.7 6.4 10.5 13.2 14.7 21.0 Extra levodopa first 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.5 2.5 6.2 11.0 13.8 13.8 21.7 0.034 Levodopa first 0.0 0.4 1.8 3.6 6.1 7.7 9.4 12.8 15.9 19.2 24.7 Tube feeding 6.6% 16.1 (8.5) years Total 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 1.9 3.3 4.4 4.8 8.5 11.4 19.6 <60.0 years old 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.8 1.0 2.0 2.0 4.0 13.5 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.8 3.8 6.5 9.8 20.4 29.4 45.7 — Wearing-off (−) 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.9 3.4 4.9 6.0 8.2 13.7 17.4 29.0 0.027 Wearing-off (+) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.3 2.6 3.6 6.4 7.2 9.8 18.2 Extra levodopa first 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 1.6 2.7 6.0 7.0 9.2 19.6 0.048 Levodopa first 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.0 2.9 5.6 6.5 9.5 10.1 11.2 20.2 Death 10.8% 14.5 (8.0) years Total 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.6 2.3 4.0 6.2 8.7 11.0 14.3 21.1 <60.0 years old 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.5 1.3 2.2 4.4 6.8 13.6 <0.0001 ≥60.0 years old 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.7 4.6 8.5 14.3 22.8 24.4 35.1 — Pain (−) 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 2.2 4.3 6.9 10.5 13.1 16.9 22.8 0.039 Pain (+) 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.3 3.1 4.4 5.1 6.6 8.7 14.1 Wearing-off (−) 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 5.1 7.0 10.1 14.2 14.2 18.7 39.0 0.003 Wearing-off (+) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.4 2.9 4.9 7.2 9.7 12.7 17.5 Psychosis (−) 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 2.0 3.0 4.4 6.6 7.5 10.8 15.8 0.041 Psychosis (+) 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.6 4.8 7.7 10.5 13.6 16.8 21.5