5-2-1 Criteria: A Simple Screening Tool for Identifying Advanced PD Patients Who Need an Optimization of Parkinson’s Treatment

Table 1

PD-related variables in patients with 5-2-1 criteria (n = 20) vs those with 5-2-1 negative criteria (n = 82).

	5-2-1 positive (n = 20)	5-2-1 negative (n = 82)	value
Age	66.2 ± 10.4	65.2 ± 7.6	0.634
Disease duration (years)	11.4 ± 3.9	3.1 ± 2.8	<0.0001
Sex (female)	65	41.5	0.058
Hoehn and Yahr scale:			<0.0001
Stage 1	0	27.3
Stage 2	65	68.8
Stage 3–5	35	3.9
UPDRS-III	27.9 ± 6.4	16.3 ± 7.5	< 0.0001
UPDRS-IV	5.7 ± 2.1	1.2 ± 1.4	< 0.0001
FOGQ	7.7 ± 5.4	1.7 ± 3	< 0.0001
Daily dose L-dopa (mg)	612.2 ± 230.8	202.7 ± 239.6	< 0.0001
Eq. daily dose L-dopa (mg)	826.3 ± 434.4	342.4 ± 318.7	< 0.0001
Time under L-dopa (months)	105.2 ± 49.3	18 ± 29.1	< 0.0001
PD-CRS	90.7 ± 14.9	92.1 ± 13.4	0.676
NMSS	64.8 ± 44.8	39.4 ± 35.1	0.007
Cardiovascular	3.3 ± 6.1	4.4 ± 10	0.642
Sleep/fatigue	22.7 ± 23	14.1 ± 14.4	0.038
Mood/apathy	18.2 ± 23.6	10.8 ± 16.4	0.100
Perceptual symptoms	8 ± 15.8	1.8 ± 6.4	0.006
Attention/memory	12.2 ± 18.6	7.3 ± 11	0.130
Gastrointestinal symptoms	12.3 ± 15.7	8 ± 14.9	0.247
Urinary symptoms	25.3 ± 28	18.5 ± 21.8	0.242
Sexual dysfunction	22.5 ± 25	24.6 ± 30.4	0.775
Miscellaneous	28.6 ± 18.3	10.7 ± 12.8	<0.0001
BDI-II	12.1 ± 10.5	7.3 ± 6.2	0.010
NPI-subject	14.1 ± 12	6.4 ± 6.7	0.002
QUIP-RS	2.1 ± 5.1	0.8 ± 2.9	0.135
PDSS	116.3 ± 19.4	126.9 ± 14.9	0.008
VAS-PAIN	4.5 ± 2.7	2.8 ± 2.6	0.009
VASF-physical	4.5 ± 2.7	2.8 ± 2.6	0.016
VASF-mental	3.4 ± 2.7	1.9 ± 2.6	0.024

Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon tests were applied. The results represent percentages or mean ± SD. Data about H&Y and UPDRS-III are during the OFF state (first thing in the morning without taking medication in the previous 12 hours). In comparison between NMSS domains in PD patients, each domain is expressed as a percentage ([score/total score] × 100). ADLS, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; BDI-II, Beck Depression Inventory-II; FOGQ, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; NMSS, Non-Motor Symptoms Scale; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PD-CRS, Parkinson’s Disease Cognitive Rating Scale; PDQ-39SI, 39-Item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index; PDSS, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale; QUIP-RS, Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; VAFS, Visual Analog Fatigue Scale; VAS-Pain, Visual Analog Scale-Pain.