Research Article
Impact of Progression of Parkinson’s Disease on Swallowing Ability and Oral Environment
Table 1
Characteristics of the first 31 and next 56 participants, and mean values and scores.
| | | The first 31 participants | The next 56 participants |
| | Age (years) | 71.0 ± 7.5 | 71.9 ± 8.0 | | Male:Female | 22 : 9 | 49 : 38 | | Disease duration (years) | 8.9 ± 6.1 | 9.7 ± 6.5 | | Hoehn and Yahr stage | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.9 ± 0.9 | | UPDRS part III | 31.7 ± 19.9 | 40.4 ± 17.7 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 2.6 | 22.5 ± 2.8 | | FOIS | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 6.9 ± 0.7 | | SDQ | 10.7 ± 7.8 | 9.2 ± 7.0 | | Bite force (N) | 307.9 ± 237.0 | 302.0 ± 358.7 | | <200 N | 12/31 (38.7%) | 33/56 (58.9%) | | Tongue pressure (kPa) | 26.8 ± 12.0 | 28.7 ± 9.5 | | <30 kPa | 15/31 (48.4%) | 24/56 (42.9%) | | Oral bacteria count score | 4.2 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 1.1 | | >5 | 5/31(16.1%) | 7/56 (12.5%) | | Eichner index (number) | A1,3; A2,5, A3,3 | | | | B1,6; B2,9; B3,3, B4,1 | | | | C1,1 | | | LEDD (mg) | | 707.2 ± 428.9 |
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UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; BMI, body mass index; FOIS, Functional Oral Intake Scale; SDQ, Swallowing Disturbances Questionnaire; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose.
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