Intraoperative Quantitative Measurements for Bradykinesia Evaluation during Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery Using Leap Motion Controller: A Pilot Study

Table 1

Results of FT task statistical analysis.

FT features	Preoperative	Intraoperative	-value	Correlation with MDS-UPDRS item
Velocity ()
(mm/s)	243.81 ± 93.43	348.48 ± 103.67	0.014^a	−0.379
	−0.07 ± 0.23	−0.04 ± 0.14	0.709^a	−0.240
	0.27 ± 0.08	0.23 ± 0.09	0.266^a	−0.010
Frequency ()
(Hz)	1.74 (1.66, 2.39)	2.12 (1.71, 2.54)	0.286^b	−0.202
	0.11 ± 0.13	0.05 ± 0.14	0.220^a	0.238
	0.23 (0.13, 0.29)	0.17 (0.11, 0.20)	0.333^b	0.216
Amplitude ()
(mm)	61.01 ± 18.64	80.15 ± 15.24	0.004^a	−0.379
	−0.17 ± 0.22	−0.09 ± 0.11	0.362^a	−0.353
	0.24 ± 0.09	0.18 ± 0.09	0.098^a	0.151

FT, finger tapping; Δ, change; CV, coefficient of variation; PD, Parkinson’s Disease; MDS-UPDRS-III, International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society-sponsored revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. a: these P values were determined using paired t tests. b: these P values were determined using the Wilcoxon tests. Asterisks () indicate significant correlations between kinematic parameters and the score on the corresponding MDS-UPDRS item: ; .