Transcranial Sonography of the Substantia Nigra for the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease and Other Movement Disorders: A Meta-Analysis

Table 1

Characteristics of the included studies.

Author	Year	PD cases	PD age (years)	Control groups	Cutoff value	TCS device	Diagnostic criteria	TP	FP	FN	TN
Alonso-Canovas A	2018	138	71.0 (25–90)	AP, ET, VP	21 mm or 25 mm	2.5 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	111	11	27	23
Grippe TC	2018	39	67.0 (17–88)	AP, ET, EPD	20 mm	2.0–3.5 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	37	3	2	23
Ghourchian S	2019	18	65.4 (SD 5.8)	PSP	25 mm	2.0–2.5 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	16	5	2	12
Smajlović D	2017	44	64.9 (SD 7.8)	PSP, CBD, MSA, VP	20 mm	2.5 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	39	8	5	14
Jesus-Ribeiro J	2016	32	62.0 (IQR 13)	ET	24 mm	3.0 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	28	1	4	25
Štenc Bradvica I	2015	59	67.2 (SD 7.6)	ET,HCs	20 mm	2.0–4.0 MHz	Not mentioned	56	6	3	45
Alonso-Canovas A	2019	254	69.0 (SD 11)	PSP, CBD, MSA	21 mm or 25 mm	2.5 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	203	61	51	94
Svetel M	2017	55	58.9 (SD 10.9)	DRB, FD, HCs	20 mm	2–4 MHz	UK Brain Bank criteria	48	13	7	28
Sanzaro E	2016	30	45.0–85.0	MSA, PSP	25 mm	2.5 MHz	Not mentioned	27	2	3	3

AP: atypical Parkinsonism; ET: essential tremor; VP: vascular Parkinsonism; EPD: excluded PD; PSP: progressive supranuclear palsy; CBD: corticobasal degeneration; MSA: multiple system atrophy; HCs: healthy controls; DRB: dopa-responsive dystonia; FD: isolated adult-onset focal dystonia; TCS: transcranial sonography; TP: true positive; FP: false positive; FN: false negative; PD: Parkinson’s disease; TN: true negative; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation.