Impact of Gastrointestinal Symptoms on Health-Related Quality of Life in an Australian Parkinson’s Disease Cohort

Table 3

Analysis of associations between GSRS individual and total symptom scores and PDQ-39 score in PD cohort.

GSRS measures	PDQ-39 total score
	Naïve			Corrected^^
	Intercept	β-coefficients	values	Intercept	β-coefficients	values
General GI symptoms
Abdominal pain	31.730	0.245	0.942	15.645	−0.068	0.981
Borborygmus	32.488	−1.856	0.506	17.166	−3.592	0.140
Abdominal distention	30.876	1.75	0.463	16.011	−1.011	0.629
Increased flatus	33.113	−1.58	0.434	18.016	−4.487	0.011
Subdomain mean	32.212	−0.213	0.813	17.847	−1.374	0.079
Upper GI symptoms
Heartburn	30.367	3.21	0.272	13.906	3.899	0.118
Acid reflux	31.353	0.799	0.762	15.487	0.312	0.893
Sucking sensation	31.804	−1.80	0.938	15.326	12.799	0.519
Nausea and vomiting	31.975	−0.852	0.833	15.132	1.723	0.621
Increased eructation	33.459	−7.27	0.027	17.422	−5.642	0.047
Subdomain mean	32.358	−0.392	0.769	15.296	0.218	0.850
Hypoactive GI symptoms
Decreased passage of stools	28.979	6.13	0.026	15.374	1.588	0.528
Hard stools	28.465	3.30	0.087	16.022	−0.631	0.722
Feeling of incomplete evacuation	26.476	5.75	0.002	14.515	2.130	0.221
Subdomain mean	24.613	3.04	0.001	14.836	0.648	0.475
Hyperactive GI symptoms
Increased passage of stools	32.341	−6.59	0.340	15.970	−2.544	0.670
Soft stools	31.435	1.71	0.615	14.060	4.770	0.103
Urgent need for defecation	32.384	−1.71	0.612	16.342	−2.305	0.426
Subdomain mean	32.195	−0.625	0.743	15.212	0.519	0.752
GSRS total score	27.941	0.589	0.222	16.770	−0.215	0.619

^{^}corrected for LEDD and disease duration. GSRS: Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale. PDQ-39: Parkinson’s disease questionnaire—39. PD: Parkinson’s disease. GI: gastrointestinal.