Relativistic Thermodynamics: A Modern 4-Vector Approach
Figure 3
Extended system, with pistons (), to which forces are simultaneously applied during time interval as measured in frame by a set of synchronized clocks at rest (Figure 1). On the th piston there is a clock that measures its proper time . The th piston displaces during time interval , speed , and proper time interval . Forces have an electromagnetic origin: an electric field , produced by a plane-parallel charged capacitor, interacts with a charge fixed to the th piston.
