Potential Role of the Inflammasome-Derived Inflammatory Cytokines in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Figure 1

Present treatment options for PF. Available treatment options for PF include antitussives and bronchodilators, which relieve symptoms of dry unproductive cough and bronchospasm, respectively. In addition, corticosteroids are often administered for sustained relief of bronchospasm. Immunosuppressive/cytotoxic agents are usually reserved for patients not responding to steroid treatment or suffering from adverse side effects. Lung transfer surgery is only considered in patients less than 65 years of age and can lead to fatal complications. Oxygen supplementation has positive outcomes on patient health. However, the personal inconvenience may affect patient compliance.