Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Provides Superior Patient Comfort and Tolerance Compared to Intravenous Midazolam in Patients Undergoing Flexible Bronchoscopy

Table 1

Composite score during bronchoscopy (5–25).

Parameter	1	2	3	4	5
Sedation	Awake to voice >10 s	Light sedation, briefly awakens to voice	Moderate sedation, no eye contact	Deep sedation, response only to physical stimulation	Unarousable, no response to physical stimulation
Calmness	Alert and calm	Anxious, not aggressive	Frequent nonpurposeful movement	Pulls or removes bronchoscope; aggressive	Combative, violent
Respiratory response	Spontaneous respiration; No coughing	Occasional cough	Coughing regularly	Frequent coughing or chocking	Vigorous cough preventing bronchoscopy
Physical movement	No movement	Occasional slight movement	Frequent slight movements	Vigorous movement limited to the extremities	Vigorous movement including torso and head
Facial tension	Facial muscle tone normal	Mild muscle tension evident	Tension evident in all facial muscles	Grimacing	Grimacing and crying