Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors, Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Kinase, and Adiponectin in the Ovary

Figure 1

Schema illustrating the putative functional interactions between PPARs, AMPK, and adiponectin. PPAR𝛾 is activated by binding with PGJ₂or TZDs and PPAR𝛼 with fibrates or WY 14 463. They control gene transcription, and, in particular, PPAR𝛾 ligands increase adiponectin expression [49]. Metformin and TZDs activate AMPK probably via the respiratory chain in mitochondria [22], and AICAR stimulates AMPK. AMPK controls protein activity by phosphorylation (e.g., inhibits PPAR𝛾 by phosphorylation [35]). Adiponectin activates AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 receptors which act on metabolism via AMPK (AdipoR1) or PPAR𝛼 (AdipoR2) [43].