Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-𝛾 Is a Potent Target for Prevention and Treatment in Human Prostate and Testicular Cancer

Table 2

Statistical analysis of PPAR-𝛼, -𝛽, and -𝛾 immunostaining.

		Av.± SD
	Tumor type	Epithelium	Blood vessel
PPAR-𝛼	Seminoma (𝑁=34)	2.2±0.8	1.7±0.9
	Embryonal carcinoma (𝑁=15)	2.4±1.1	2.1±1.0
	Yolk sac tumor (𝑁=11)	1.8±1.0	1.6±0.7
	Choriocarcinoma (𝑁=10)	2.5±1.2	2.0±0.9
	Teratoma (𝑁=12)	1.8±0.9	1.6±0.9
	Normal testis (𝑁=20)	2.5±1.1	2.1±0.9
PPAR-𝛽	Seminoma (𝑁=34)	2.4±0.9	2.2±1.1
	Embryonal carcinoma (𝑁=15)	2.6±1.4	2.3±1.2
	Yolk sac tumor (𝑁=11)	2.5±1.4	2.1±0.6
	Choriocarcinoma (𝑁=10)	2.2±1.0	1.9±0.9
	Teratoma (𝑁=12)	2.4±0.9	2.2±1.3
	Normal testis (𝑁=20)	2.5±1.1	2.3±1.0
PPAR-𝛾	Seminoma (𝑁=34)	2.2±0.8^*	1.9±0.9^*
	Embryonal carcinoma (𝑁=15)	2.8±1.1^*	2.5±1.0^*
	Yolk sac tumor (𝑁=11)	2.2±0.9^*	2.1±1.1^*
	Choriocarcinoma (𝑁=10)	2.9±1.0^*	2.4±1.0^*
	Teratoma (𝑁=12)	2.0±1.3^*	1.9±1.1^*
	Normal testis (𝑁=20)	0.7±0.6	0.6±0.4

^* Graded 0 to 4 on the coded sections by two blind observers. 0, no staining; 4+, maximum intensity. Statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of variance (𝑃 value; ANOVA). PPAR-𝛼, and -𝛽 immunostaining were significanty apparent in all TC and NT tissues. PPAR-𝛾 immunostaining of tumor was significantly more extensive and intense in all TC groups than in NT tissue. PPAR-𝛾 staining was high in blood vesseld of TC, with no significant difference between them. However, the expression of PPAR-𝛾 in blood vessels from NT was at the basic level. 𝑃<.01.