Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha in the Control of Cyclooxygenase 2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Involvement in Tumor Growth

Table 2

Effects of PPAR𝛼 ligands on VEGF signaling.

PPAR𝛼 ligand	Action/effect	References
Wy-14643
	Inhibition of VEGF-mediated endothelial cell migration	[27, 49, 64]
	Inhibition of VEGF production by glioblastoma U87 cells	[49]
	Inhibition of VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt	[64]
	Inhibition of VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in vitro	[27]
Fenofibrate
	Inhibition of VEGF production by glioblastoma U87 cells	[49]
	Reduction of plasma VEGF	[96]
	Inhibition of VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt	[64]
	Inhibition of VEGFR2 expression in endothelial cells	[27]
Clofibric acid
	Inhibition of VEGF expression in tumor xenografts	[58]