Microglia and Astrocyte Activation by Toll-Like Receptor Ligands: Modulation by PPAR- Agonists
Figure 13
Ciglitazone attenuates astrocytic CXCL2 expression in
response to several TLR ligands. Primary astrocytes were plated at cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated overnight. The following day, cells
were pretreated for 1 hour with the indicated concentrations of ciglitazone
prior to the addition of TLR ligands. Cell-conditioned supernatants were
collected at 24 hours following TLR ligand exposure, whereupon CXCL2 levels
were determined by ELISA (a). The effects of ciglitazone on astrocyte viability
were assessed using an MTT assay (b). Significant differences between
astrocytes treated with TLR ligands alone versus TLR ligands + ciglitazone are
noted with asterisks . Results presented are representative of two
independent experiments.
