Review Article

AMPK-Dependent Metabolic Regulation by PPAR Agonists

Table 1

The effects of PPAR agonists on AMPK-dependent metabolic functions.

IsotypesPPAR agonistsAMPK-dependent functions
LiverSkeletal muscleAdipose tissueVessel

PPAR FenofibrateImproved IR [12] NAFLD [5]eNOS↑ [69]
WY14,643NAFLD [5]eNOS↑ [70]

PPAR / GW1516Oxidative metabolism↑ [23]
Endurance activity↑ [23]
(in cooperation with AMPK)

PPAR RosiglitazoneImproved IR [66] NAFLD [66]
ASH [57]
Glucose uptake↑ [63]
Glycogen synthesis↑ [63]
Glucose uptake↑ [63] Glycogen synthesis↑ [63]Oxidative stress [52, 71]
TroglitazoneImproved IR [59] NAFLD [72]Glucose uptake↑ [9]
PioglitazoneImproved IR [60] NAFLD [67]Fat oxidation↑ [29] Mitochondrial function↑ [29]

ASH: alcoholic steatohepatitis; IR: insulin resistance; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.