Review Article
AMPK-Dependent Metabolic Regulation by PPAR Agonists
Table 1
The effects of PPAR agonists on AMPK-dependent metabolic functions.
| Isotypes | PPAR agonists | AMPK-dependent functions | Liver | Skeletal muscle | Adipose tissue | Vessel |
| PPAR | Fenofibrate | Improved IR [12] NAFLD↓ [5] | — | — | eNOS↑ [69] | WY14,643 | NAFLD↓ [5] | — | — | eNOS↑ [70] |
| PPAR/ | GW1516 | — | Oxidative metabolism↑ [23] Endurance activity↑ [23] (in cooperation with AMPK) | — | — |
| PPAR | Rosiglitazone | Improved IR [66] NAFLD↓ [66] ASH↓ [57] | Glucose uptake↑ [63] Glycogen synthesis↑ [63] | Glucose uptake↑ [63] Glycogen synthesis↑ [63] | Oxidative stress↓ [52, 71] | Troglitazone | Improved IR [59] NAFLD↓ [72] | Glucose uptake↑ [9] | — | — | Pioglitazone | Improved IR [60] NAFLD↓ [67] | Fat oxidation↑ [29] Mitochondrial function↑ [29] | — | — |
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ASH: alcoholic steatohepatitis; IR: insulin resistance; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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